This analysis is based on the premise that strengthening the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector, its institutions and stakeholders, calls for the alignment of sector incentives. The objective of this Knowledge Brief is to introduce how integrated policy, institutional, and regulatory (PIR) interventions can help align incentives for more sustainable WSS service delivery. Ultimately, the objective for governments is to design incentives that motivate people (as individuals or as part of an institution) to provide universal and sustainable services. This brief provides a snapshot of sector experiences gathered from five South American country case studies—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Peru.